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The above image is related to a natural polymer membrane made of chitosan. This membrane is used for drug delivery, where the drug is placed inside the membrane's pores, and its release is controlled gradually. Chitosan is typically derived from shrimp shells and has a wide range of applications, including drug delivery, food ingredient coatings, and implants. -
The above image shows a sample of acrylic adhesive containing cellulose nano particles synthesized in situ through polymerization. This adhesive is pressure-sensitive, meaning it adheres to various surfaces with minimal pressure, similar to tape adhesives. The substrate material is acrylic, and the nano particles are made of cellulose (the raised areas in the image). This adhesive can be used wherever tape adhesive is applied. -
The above image shows a sample of aluminum coated with iron nitride particles (iron two and three), which were applied using the Active Screen Plasma Nitriding method. In this process, an iron mesh is placed around the sample, and plasma is directed towards the iron mesh, separating iron ions and creating iron nitride on the surface of the sample. Essentially, this method allows for the deposition of a non-homogeneous metal nitride onto a metal substrate. For example, it is possible to deposit iron nitride onto the surface of aluminum. However, due to the high temperature involved, nitrogen may also penetrate the substrate metal. In that case, you would have aluminum metal and aluminum nitride from the bottom up, but the outer surface of the sample would still be iron nitride. -
The above image shows a sample of steel with a coating of iron nitride particles, applied using the Conventional Plasma Nitriding method (CPN). In the CPN process, the sample is placed inside a vacuum chamber. After cleaning and heating the sample, nitrogen gas is introduced into the chamber, and plasma is generated by applying voltage. This leads to the reaction of nitrogen with the metal surface of the sample, creating metal nitrides on the surface. Over time, the thickness of this layer increases, although the relationship is not linear. For example, on aluminum, aluminum nitrides are formed. The morphology created in this method is known as "cabbage-like morphology." -
The above image shows a sample of steel with a coating of iron and chromium nitride particles, synthesized using the Thermal Reactive Deposition (TRD) for chromium and Conventional Plasma Nitriding (CPN) for nitrogen. In the TRD process, the sample is immersed in a molten chromium bath at a temperature of around 1100 degrees Celsius, and over time, the surface becomes enriched with chromium. This method is used for the diffusion of specific ions such as chromium and vanadium. In the CPN plasma nitriding process, the sample is placed inside a vacuum chamber. After cleaning the surface and heating the sample to a specific temperature, nitrogen gas is introduced into the chamber. Applying voltage generates plasma in the chamber, leading to the reaction of nitrogen with the metal surface of the sample, creating metal nitrides on the surface. The thickness of this layer increases over time, although the relationship is not linear. For example, on aluminum, aluminum nitrides are formed. The morphology created in this method is known as "cabbage-like morphology." -
The above image shows a natural polymer membrane made of chitosan. This membrane is used for drug delivery purposes, where the drug is placed inside the membrane's pores, and its release is controlled gradually. Chitosan is typically derived from shrimp shells and has various applications, including drug delivery, food ingredient coatings, and implants. -
The above sample is an image of the drug allicin that has been encapsulated with a polymer to control its release inside the body. In this sample, the distribution of particles, surface characteristics, uniformity, and particle size have been examined. The particles were well-dispersed, uniform, and had dimensions of less than 400 nanometers in the sample. -
The above sample corresponds to nanoliposomes containing orange essential oil, the formation, surface characteristics, smoothness, wrinkling, and nanoparticle dimensions of which were examined. It was demonstrated that the nanoliposomes were well-formed with a smooth surface, the desired dimensions, and spherical shapes on the surface. This sample is coated with chitosan, and chitosan particles are observed around the liposomes, with dimensions smaller than those depicted in the image. -
The above image is related to nanocapsules containing a herbal extract. The extract of oleaster is enclosed within the capsule, and the capsule wall material is phospholipid. This sample has been patented, and based on DLS analysis, it is certain that the size of the capsules is in the nanometer range. In the images obtained with AFM, it is evident that there are more aggregates. The purpose of this image is to investigate the morphology of spherical-shaped nanocapsules, which is supported by the images. -
The above image is related to nanofibers of polymer. In fact, this sample is a composite of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan, with tiny nodes present in some positions of the fibers made of chitosan. The drug is placed on top of these fibers, and the kinetics of drug release are controlled based on the size of the gaps between the fibers. -
The above sample is related to lipid nanoparticles composed of lipid-cyclohexane and water. This sample was synthesized using the evaporation/emulsion solvent method. The advantages of solid lipid nanoparticles include: Targeted drug delivery Suitable biocompatibility Increased stability of drug formulations Enhanced drug content Ease of sterilizing the prepared formulations Chemical protection of the substance in solid lipid nanoparticles Preparation using common emulsion methods Long-term stability -
The factor in many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's is a group of Tau proteins. Tau is a microtubule-associated protein (MT) whose main role is modulating microtubule (MT) dynamics to control axonal transport in neurons. During pathogenesis, Tau proteins aggregate into oligomeric and filamentous forms, forming neurofibrillary tangles. Recent research indicates that Tau protein oligomers are toxic in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Tau oligomers may exist as dimers, multimers, or granules. Here, the shapes of Tau (oligomer and fibril), both in the presence and absence of two synthetic peptides called pn-8 and ps-9, along with AFM image analysis in tapping mode, are presented. Tau protein was induced by heparin at 37 degrees Celsius for seven days, and the samples were monitored by AFM. The results showed that in the presence of pn-8, Tau assembles into limited granules of oligomers, and this peptide promotes Tau filamentation. Furthermore, Tau aggregation in the presence of ps-9 exhibits structural changes. -
A key factor in many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, is a group of proteins called Tau. Tau is a microtubule-associated protein (MT) with its primary role being the modulation of microtubule (MT) dynamics to control axonal transport within neurons. During the course of pathogenesis, Tau proteins aggregate into oligomeric and filamentous forms, creating neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Recent research indicates that Tau protein oligomers take toxic forms in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. These Tau oligomers may exist in the form of dimers, multimers, or granules. In this context, images of Tau protein in both oligomer and fibril forms, in the presence and absence of two synthetic peptides named pn-8 and ps-9, along with AFM image analysis in tapping mode, have been provided. The Tau protein was induced by heparin at 37 degrees Celsius for seven days, and the samples were monitored using AFM. The results showed that, in the presence of pn-8, Tau assembles into limited granules of oligomers, and this peptide promotes the formation of Tau filaments. Furthermore, Tau aggregation in the presence of ps-9 demonstrates structural alterations.
